Hypospadias: a review

Hypospadias is a congenital malformation of the male external genitalia, which includes: anomalous location proximal to urethral meatus, in any portion glans penis and perineum, hooded dorsal foreskin, inverted penile curvature on side foreskin. The etiology has been considered multifactorial, secondary interaction environmental factors with specific genetic background. It represents second most frequent defect newborns. increasing prevalence rates 0.25 new cases per 10,000 newborns year. Risk that have identified include infants small for gestational age weight below 10th percentile, head length and/or circumference, intrauterine growth restriction, placental insufficiency. Regarding risk factors, maternal exposure pesticides linked. Prenatal diagnosis described, however hypospadias usually detected, making it difficult diagnose distal using this method. So made after birth during physical examination. To date, more than 300 surgical techniques are known correction hypospadias. treatment currently performed one time; management controversial; group favors one-stage procedure, while other groups choose perform two-stage procedure.